Tower - Make Up Water In Cooling

Assume 0.01% of circulation for well-maintained towers: D = 1000 × 0.0001 = 0.1 gpm

| Loss Type | Description | Typical % of Circulation | |-----------|-------------|--------------------------| | | The primary cooling mechanism. Pure water vapor escapes. | 1–2% per 10°F (5.5°C) range | | Drift (Windage) | Small droplets carried out by exhaust air. | 0.001–0.2% (modern drift eliminators) | | Blowdown (Draw-off) | Intentional bleed to control dissolved solids. | Varies (0.5–5% of circulation) | | Leaks/Overflow | System losses from seals, basins, or splashing. | Minimal if maintained | make up water in cooling tower

3. How to Calculate Make-Up Water Flow Step 1 – Evaporation (E) E (gpm) = Recirculation Rate (gpm) × Cooling Range (°F) × 0.001 Example: 1000 gpm system, 15°F range → E = 1000 × 15 × 0.001 = 15 gpm Assume 0

1. What is Make-Up Water? Make-up water is fresh water added to a cooling tower system to compensate for total water losses. Without it, the system would run dry, lose efficiency, and suffer severe damage. 2. Why is Make-Up Water Needed? Water leaves a cooling tower system in three primary ways: How to Calculate Make-Up Water Flow Step 1