[top] - Cosmology

The next five years are crucial. The is already finding "impossible" early galaxies that challenge dark matter’s role in rapid structure formation. The Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will map billions of galaxies, testing whether dark energy is truly constant. The Euclid and Roman space telescopes will perform cosmic shear surveys to settle the S8 tension.

Introduction: The Unlikely Success of a Dark Universe cosmology

Is ΛCDM in trouble? Not yet. But it is certainly under stress. The framework is so successful that it would be foolish to abandon it for minor anomalies. However, the persistence and growing significance of the Hubble tension suggest we are not dealing with mere noise. The next five years are crucial

Just a century ago, we believed the Milky Way was the entire universe. Today, cosmology has a standard model: . It is a deceptively simple mathematical framework asserting that the ordinary matter (atoms) making up stars, planets, and life accounts for less than 5% of the universe. The rest is dark matter (27%) and an even more mysterious dark energy (68%). This model is extraordinarily successful, yet it rests on foundations that many physicists suspect are incomplete. The Euclid and Roman space telescopes will perform