C++ Runtime Better (CERTIFIED • Collection)

// Constructor function for global std::string _GLOBAL__sub_I_example.cpp: stp x29, x30, [sp, -32]! mov x0, :got:globalString bl _ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_string...C1E... // std::string::string(char const*) ldr x0, :got:__dso_handle adrp x1, :got:_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_string...D1E... add x1, x1, :lo12:_ZNSt7__cxx1112...D1E... bl __cxa_atexit // register destructor for atexit ldp x29, x30, [sp], 32 ret // .init_array entry points to this function

main → foo() → bar() → throw MyException(); → __cxa_throw (sets unwind info, calls _Unwind_RaiseException) → _Unwind_RaiseException → _Unwind_RaiseException_Phase1 (walks .eh_frame) → _Unwind_RaiseException_Phase2 (calls personality, destructors) → __gxx_personality_v0 (calls destructors of locals in bar, foo) → land on catch in main On Linux: readelf -S a.out (look for .init_array , .eh_frame , .gcc_except_table ) On Windows: dumpbin /HEADERS myapp.exe (look for .pdata for x64 exception tables) This report is based on the Itanium C++ ABI (version 1.2), Microsoft C++ ABI (x64), and publicly available documentation for GCC 13, Clang 17, and MSVC 2022. c++ runtime

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